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scipy.datasets.

# electrocardiogram

scipy.datasets.electrocardiogram()

  Load an electrocardiogram as an example for a 1-D signal.

  The returned signal is a 5 minute long electrocardiogram (ECG), a medical recording of the heart’s electrical activity, sampled at 360 Hz.

  Returns:
    ecg ndarray

      The electrocardiogram in millivolt (mV) sampled at 360 Hz.

  Notes

  The provided signal is an excerpt (19:35 to 24:35) from the record 208 (lead MLII) provided by the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database [1] on PhysioNet [2]. The excerpt includes noise induced artifacts, typical heartbeats as well as pathological changes.

  Added in version 1.1.0.

  Array API Standard Support

  `electrocardiogram` is not in-scope for support of Python Array API Standard compatible backends other than NumPy.

  See Support for the array API standard for more information.

  References

  [1]

  Moody GB, Mark RG. The impact of the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. IEEE Eng in Med and Biol 20(3):45-50 (May-June 2001). (PMID: 11446209); DOI:10.13026/C2F305

  [2]

  Goldberger AL, Amaral LAN, Glass L, Hausdorff JM, Ivanov PCh, Mark RG, Mietus JE, Moody GB, Peng C-K, Stanley HE. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals. Circulation 101(23):e215-e220; DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.101.23.e215

  Examples

      >>> from scipy.datasets import electrocardiogram
      >>> ecg = electrocardiogram()
      >>> ecg
      array([-0.245, -0.215, -0.185, ..., -0.405, -0.395, -0.385], shape=(108000,))
      >>> ecg.shape, ecg.mean(), ecg.std()
      ((108000,), -0.16510875, 0.5992473991177294)

  As stated the signal features several areas with a different morphology. E.g., the first few seconds show the electrical activity of a heart in normal sinus rhythm as seen below.

      >>> import numpy as np
      >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
      >>> fs = 360
      >>> time = np.arange(ecg.size) / fs
      >>> plt.plot(time, ecg)
      >>> plt.xlabel("time in s")
      >>> plt.ylabel("ECG in mV")
      >>> plt.xlim(9, 10.2)
      >>> plt.ylim(-1, 1.5)
      >>> plt.show()

  After second 16, however, the first premature ventricular contractions, also called extrasystoles, appear. These have a different morphology compared to typical heartbeats. The difference can easily be observed in the following plot.

      >>> plt.plot(time, ecg)
      >>> plt.xlabel("time in s")
      >>> plt.ylabel("ECG in mV")
      >>> plt.xlim(46.5, 50)
      >>> plt.ylim(-2, 1.5)
      >>> plt.show()

  At several points large artifacts disturb the recording, e.g.:

      >>> plt.plot(time, ecg)
      >>> plt.xlabel("time in s")
      >>> plt.ylabel("ECG in mV")
      >>> plt.xlim(207, 215)
      >>> plt.ylim(-2, 3.5)
      >>> plt.show()

  Finally, examining the power spectrum reveals that most of the biosignal is made up of lower frequencies. At 60 Hz the noise induced by the mains electricity can be clearly observed.

      >>> from scipy.signal import welch
      >>> f, Pxx = welch(ecg, fs=fs, nperseg=2048, scaling="spectrum")
      >>> plt.semilogy(f, Pxx)
      >>> plt.xlabel("Frequency in Hz")
      >>> plt.ylabel("Power spectrum of the ECG in mV**2")
      >>> plt.xlim(f[[0, -1]])
      >>> plt.show()